In the early digital era, logic gates were made exclusively of transistors and discrete components. The obvious occupation of a large space and increased heat dissipation pushed technology to ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

In a proof-of-concept study, researchers have created self-assembled, protein-based circuits that can perform simple logic functions. The work demonstrates that it is possible to create stable digital ...

Living cells make decisions based on information processing genetic programmes. Many of these programmes execute digital functions 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8. The capability to build synthetic digital systems in ...

Logic testers are simple but very helpful devices in testing digital circuits. A logic probe can be designed in many different ways. In this particular design, a combination of discrete and TTL logic ...

In the ongoing drive to make circuitry ever smaller and more powerful, researchers in Canada have taken things to a very small extreme. They devised a method for turning individual silicon atoms into ...