Many MCU designs are intended to control power to devices such as motors, actuators, or other electronic subsystems. This power switching usually involves using a power device like a bipolar ...

The 4- to 20-mA current loop is ubiquitous in the world of controls in manufacturing plants. Discrete logic, microprocessors, and microcontrollers easily cover the digital portions of control schemes, ...

How many remote controls do you have in your home? Don’t you wish all these things were better integrated somehow, or that you could add remote control functionality to a random device? It’s a common ...

There is one thing that unites almost every computer and logic circuit commonly used in the hardware hacking and experimentation arena. No matter what its age, speed, or internal configuration, ...

Unijunction transistors (UJTs) were common circuit elements several decades ago. A simple ramp generator could be built from a single UJT and a few other components (Fig. 1). 1. In a simple UJT-based ...

Drawing and analysing flowchart diagrams involves elements like count, compare, macro, do macro, end, increments, decrements, and expressions. Microcontrollers (PICs) are used in control systems, ...