The input impedance of a.c.-coupled op amp circuits depends almost entirely on the resistance that sets the d.c. operating point. If CMOS op amps are used, the input is high, in current op amps up to ...

RF instruments and wireless transceivers often feature an input for an external reference clock, such as the ubiquitous 10MHz reference input port found on RF instruments. Many of these same systems ...

In this lesson, students build two circuits and explore how transistors function. When Bell Labs introduced the transistor in June of 1948, a spokesman proudly announced "This cylindrical object . . .